Thursday, December 31, 2009
Saturday, December 5, 2009
Monday, November 30, 2009
ORGANISATION:MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES
CREATION
Biafra
A child with kwashiorkor during the Nigerian Civil War.
During the Nigerian Civil War of 1967 to 1970, the Nigerian military formed a blockade around the nation's newly independent south-eastern region, Biafra. At this time, France was the only major country supportive of the Biafrans (the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States sided with the Nigerian government), and the conditions within the blockade were unknown to the world. A number of French doctors volunteered with the French Red Cross to work in hospitals and feeding centres in besieged Biafra. The Red Cross required volunteers to sign an agreement, which was seen by some[who?] as designed to maintain the organization's neutrality, whatever the circumstances.
After entering the country, the volunteers, in addition to Biafran health workers and hospitals, were subjected to attacks by the Nigerian army, and witnessed civilians being murdered and starved by the blockading forces. The doctors publicly criticized the Nigerian government and the Red Cross for their seemingly complicit behavior. These doctors concluded that a new aid organization was needed that would ignore political/religious boundaries and prioritize the welfare of victims.[8
forfor more details:www.national frontieres without borders encyclopedia.com
Biafra
A child with kwashiorkor during the Nigerian Civil War.
During the Nigerian Civil War of 1967 to 1970, the Nigerian military formed a blockade around the nation's newly independent south-eastern region, Biafra. At this time, France was the only major country supportive of the Biafrans (the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States sided with the Nigerian government), and the conditions within the blockade were unknown to the world. A number of French doctors volunteered with the French Red Cross to work in hospitals and feeding centres in besieged Biafra. The Red Cross required volunteers to sign an agreement, which was seen by some[who?] as designed to maintain the organization's neutrality, whatever the circumstances.
After entering the country, the volunteers, in addition to Biafran health workers and hospitals, were subjected to attacks by the Nigerian army, and witnessed civilians being murdered and starved by the blockading forces. The doctors publicly criticized the Nigerian government and the Red Cross for their seemingly complicit behavior. These doctors concluded that a new aid organization was needed that would ignore political/religious boundaries and prioritize the welfare of victims.[8
forfor more details:www.national frontieres without borders encyclopedia.com
ORGANISATION:REPORTERS WITHOUT BOARDERS(RWB)
Press freedom
RWB was founded in Montpellier, France in 1985. At first, the association was aimed at promoting alternative journalism, but before the failure of their project, the three founders stumbled on disagreements between themselves.[1] Finally, only Robert Ménard stayed and became its Secretary General. Ménard changed the NGO's aim towards freedom of press.[1]
Reporters Without Borders states that it draws its inspiration from Article 19 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, according to which everyone has "the right to freedom of opinion and expression" and also the right to "seek, receive and impart" information and ideas "regardless of frontiers." This has been re-affirmed by several charters and declarations around the world. In Europe, this right is included in the 1950 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Reporters Without Borders is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a virtual network of non-governmental organisations that monitors free expression violations worldwide and defends journalists, writers and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.
In 2005, Reporters Without Borders shared the European Parliament's Sakharov Prize for freedom of thought with Nigerian human rights lawyer Hauwa Ibrahim and Cuba's Ladies in White movement.[4]
Over the years, RWB has published several books to raise public awareness of threats to press freedom around the world. A recent publication is the Handbook for Bloggers and Cyber-Dissidents,[5] which was launched in September 2005. The handbook provides technical tips on how to blog anonymously and avoid censorship. It includes contributions from well-known blogger-journalists Dan Gillmor, Jay Rosen and Ethan Zuckerman.
Reporters Without Borders publishes the Predators of Press Freedom list.[6]
[edit]
For more details :www.frontiers without boarders encyclopedia.com
RWB was founded in Montpellier, France in 1985. At first, the association was aimed at promoting alternative journalism, but before the failure of their project, the three founders stumbled on disagreements between themselves.[1] Finally, only Robert Ménard stayed and became its Secretary General. Ménard changed the NGO's aim towards freedom of press.[1]
Reporters Without Borders states that it draws its inspiration from Article 19 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, according to which everyone has "the right to freedom of opinion and expression" and also the right to "seek, receive and impart" information and ideas "regardless of frontiers." This has been re-affirmed by several charters and declarations around the world. In Europe, this right is included in the 1950 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Reporters Without Borders is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a virtual network of non-governmental organisations that monitors free expression violations worldwide and defends journalists, writers and others who are persecuted for exercising their right to freedom of expression.
In 2005, Reporters Without Borders shared the European Parliament's Sakharov Prize for freedom of thought with Nigerian human rights lawyer Hauwa Ibrahim and Cuba's Ladies in White movement.[4]
Over the years, RWB has published several books to raise public awareness of threats to press freedom around the world. A recent publication is the Handbook for Bloggers and Cyber-Dissidents,[5] which was launched in September 2005. The handbook provides technical tips on how to blog anonymously and avoid censorship. It includes contributions from well-known blogger-journalists Dan Gillmor, Jay Rosen and Ethan Zuckerman.
Reporters Without Borders publishes the Predators of Press Freedom list.[6]
[edit]
For more details :www.frontiers without boarders encyclopedia.com
Sunday, November 29, 2009
ORGANISATION FOR PRISONERS:AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
History
(For more details visit www.amnesty encyclopedia.com)
1960s
Amnesty International was founded in London in July 1961 by English labour lawyer Peter Benenson. According to his own account, he was travelling in the London Underground on 19 November 1960, when he read of two Portuguese students who had been sentenced to seven years of imprisonment for having drunk a toast to liberty.[a][5] In his famous newspaper article The Forgotten Prisoners, Benenson later described his reaction as follows: "Open your newspaper any day of the week and you will find a story from somewhere of someone being imprisoned, tortured or executed because his opinions or religion are unacceptable to his government [...] The newspaper reader feels a sickening sense of impotence. Yet if these feelings of disgust could be united into common action, something effective could be done."[6]
Benenson worked with friend Eric Baker. Baker was a member of the Religious Society of Friends who had been involved in funding the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament as well as becoming head of Quaker Peace and Social Witness, and in his memoirs Benenson described him as "a partner in the launching of the project".[7] In consultation with other writers, academics and lawyers and, in particular, Alec Digges, they wrote via Louis Blom-Cooper to David Astor, editor of The Observer newspaper, who, on 28 May 1961, published Benenson’s article The Forgotten Prisoners. The article brought the reader’s attention to those "imprisoned, tortured or executed because his opinions or religion are unacceptable to his government"[6] or, put another way, to violations, by governments, of articles 18 and 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR). The article described these violations occurring, on a global scale, in the context of restrictions to press freedom, to political oppositions, to timely public trial before impartial courts, and to asylum. It marked the launch of "Appeal for Amnesty, 1961", the aim of which was to mobilise public opinion, quickly and widely, in defence of these individuals, who Benenson named "Prisoners of Conscience". The "Appeal for Amnesty" was reprinted by a large number of international newspapers. In the same year Benenson had a book published, Persecution 1961, which detailed the cases of several prisoners of conscience investigated and compiled by Benenson and Baker.[8] In July 1961 the leadership had decided that the appeal would form the basis of a permanent organization, which on 30 September 1962 was officially named 'Amnesty International' (Between the 'Appeal for Amnesty, 1961' and September 1962 the organization had been known simply as 'Amnesty'.)[9]
What started as a short appeal soon became a permanent international movement working to protect those imprisoned for non-violent expression of their views and to secure worldwide recognition of Articles 18 and 19 of the UDHR. From the very beginning, research and campaigning were present in Amnesty International’s work. A library was established for information about prisoners of conscience and a network of local groups, called ‘THREES’ groups, was started. Each group worked on behalf of three prisoners, one from each of the then three main ideological regions of the world: communist, capitalist and developing.
By the mid-1960s Amnesty International’s global presence was growing and an International Secretariat and International Executive Committee was established to manage Amnesty International’s national organizations, called ‘Sections’, which had appeared in several countries. The international movement was starting to agree on its core principles and techniques. For example, the issue of whether or not to adopt prisoners who had advocated violence, like Nelson Mandela, brought unanimous agreement that it could not give the name of 'Prisoner of Conscience' to such prisoners. Aside from the work of the library and groups, Amnesty International’s activities were expanding to helping prisoner’s families, sending observers to trials, making representations to governments, and finding asylum or overseas employment for prisoners. Its activity and influence was also increasing within intergovernmental organizations; it would be awarded consultative status by the United Nations, the Council of Europe and UNESCO before the decade ended.
1960s
Amnesty International was founded in London in July 1961 by English labour lawyer Peter Benenson. According to his own account, he was travelling in the London Underground on 19 November 1960, when he read of two Portuguese students who had been sentenced to seven years of imprisonment for having drunk a toast to liberty.[a][5] In his famous newspaper article The Forgotten Prisoners, Benenson later described his reaction as follows: "Open your newspaper any day of the week and you will find a story from somewhere of someone being imprisoned, tortured or executed because his opinions or religion are unacceptable to his government [...] The newspaper reader feels a sickening sense of impotence. Yet if these feelings of disgust could be united into common action, something effective could be done."[6]
Benenson worked with friend Eric Baker. Baker was a member of the Religious Society of Friends who had been involved in funding the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament as well as becoming head of Quaker Peace and Social Witness, and in his memoirs Benenson described him as "a partner in the launching of the project".[7] In consultation with other writers, academics and lawyers and, in particular, Alec Digges, they wrote via Louis Blom-Cooper to David Astor, editor of The Observer newspaper, who, on 28 May 1961, published Benenson’s article The Forgotten Prisoners. The article brought the reader’s attention to those "imprisoned, tortured or executed because his opinions or religion are unacceptable to his government"[6] or, put another way, to violations, by governments, of articles 18 and 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR). The article described these violations occurring, on a global scale, in the context of restrictions to press freedom, to political oppositions, to timely public trial before impartial courts, and to asylum. It marked the launch of "Appeal for Amnesty, 1961", the aim of which was to mobilise public opinion, quickly and widely, in defence of these individuals, who Benenson named "Prisoners of Conscience". The "Appeal for Amnesty" was reprinted by a large number of international newspapers. In the same year Benenson had a book published, Persecution 1961, which detailed the cases of several prisoners of conscience investigated and compiled by Benenson and Baker.[8] In July 1961 the leadership had decided that the appeal would form the basis of a permanent organization, which on 30 September 1962 was officially named 'Amnesty International' (Between the 'Appeal for Amnesty, 1961' and September 1962 the organization had been known simply as 'Amnesty'.)[9]
What started as a short appeal soon became a permanent international movement working to protect those imprisoned for non-violent expression of their views and to secure worldwide recognition of Articles 18 and 19 of the UDHR. From the very beginning, research and campaigning were present in Amnesty International’s work. A library was established for information about prisoners of conscience and a network of local groups, called ‘THREES’ groups, was started. Each group worked on behalf of three prisoners, one from each of the then three main ideological regions of the world: communist, capitalist and developing.
By the mid-1960s Amnesty International’s global presence was growing and an International Secretariat and International Executive Committee was established to manage Amnesty International’s national organizations, called ‘Sections’, which had appeared in several countries. The international movement was starting to agree on its core principles and techniques. For example, the issue of whether or not to adopt prisoners who had advocated violence, like Nelson Mandela, brought unanimous agreement that it could not give the name of 'Prisoner of Conscience' to such prisoners. Aside from the work of the library and groups, Amnesty International’s activities were expanding to helping prisoner’s families, sending observers to trials, making representations to governments, and finding asylum or overseas employment for prisoners. Its activity and influence was also increasing within intergovernmental organizations; it would be awarded consultative status by the United Nations, the Council of Europe and UNESCO before the decade ended.
Thursday, November 26, 2009
SCIENCE:Charles Darwin to receive apology from the Church of England for rejecting evolution
The Church of England is to apologise to Charles Darwin for its initial rejection of his theories, nearly 150 years after he published his most famous work
The Church of England will concede in a statement that it was over-defensive and over-emotional in dismissing Darwin's ideas. It will call "anti-evolutionary fervour" an "indictment" on the Church".
The bold move is certain to dismay sections of the Church that believe in creationism and regard Darwin's views as directly opposed to traditional Christian teaching.
Related Articles
Humans evolved from tree dwelling apes rather than knuckle draggers
The apology, which has been written by the Rev Dr Malcolm Brown, the Church's director of mission and public affairs, says that Christians, in their response to Darwin's theory of natural selection, repeated the mistakes they made in doubting Galileo's astronomy in the 17th century.
"The statement will read: Charles Darwin: 200 years from your birth, the Church of England owes you an apology for misunderstanding you and, by getting our first reaction wrong, encouraging others to misunderstand you still. We try to practise the old virtues of 'faith seeking understanding' and hope that makes some amends."
Opposition to evolutionary theories is still "a litmus test of faithfulness" for some Christian movements, the Church will admit. It will say that such attitudes owe much to a fear of perceived threats to Christianity.
The comments are included on a Church of England website promoting the views of Charles Darwin to be launched on Monday.
Wednesday, November 25, 2009
FRIENDSHIP QUOTATION : ARISTOTLE THE GREEK PHILOSOPHER
quotation
''WHAT IS FRIENDSHIP?
A SINGLE SOLEDWELLING IN TWO BODIES''_Aristotle.
Aristotle was born around 384BC in Stagirus, Greece, to Nicomachus, and Phaestis. Around the age of 17, Aristotle became a student at Plato's Academy in Athens. Aristotle was so impressive as a student that he soon became a teacher, himself, remaining at the academy for 20 years.
In 335BC Aristotle traveled to Athens with his circle of assistants to staff his new school. Thanks to his previous bid at taking over the Academy, they were well stocked with a large range of teaching materials, gathered in Macedonia; including books, maps, & other teaching material. There, in Athens, he founded the Lyceum. 2 areas which he advanced, which are of particular interest to readers of this site were physics and astronomy.
Thanks to his ties to Macedonia, Aristotle was forced to retire to Chalcis, his mothers homeland, where he moved into a house once owned by his mother which still belonged to her family. He died there one year later at the age of 62, after complaining of stomach problems.
In 335BC Aristotle traveled to Athens with his circle of assistants to staff his new school. Thanks to his previous bid at taking over the Academy, they were well stocked with a large range of teaching materials, gathered in Macedonia; including books, maps, & other teaching material. There, in Athens, he founded the Lyceum. 2 areas which he advanced, which are of particular interest to readers of this site were physics and astronomy.
Thanks to his ties to Macedonia, Aristotle was forced to retire to Chalcis, his mothers homeland, where he moved into a house once owned by his mother which still belonged to her family. He died there one year later at the age of 62, after complaining of stomach problems.
Monday, November 23, 2009
MAKE UP :WOMEN/ACTRESSES
MAKE-UP MAgICHOLLY WOOD ACTRESSES:BRITNY SPEARS(POP-SINGER)SHARON STONE(BASIC INSTINCT)PAMELA ANDERSON*(BAY WATCH)ALICIA SILVERSTONE(ACTRESS)
S
BLOGGER ARTICLE:
THE BEAUTIFUL FACE MEANS?with make-up.ok thats good. IT IS SHAPED BY THE MAKE-UP man/women.WE ALL KNEW ABOUT MAKEUP its impact and ATTRACTIVENESS.WITHOUT MAKE-UP?we can imagine our beautiful actress?may not be.YOU CAN SEE THESE HOLLYWOOD ACTRESSES PICTURES with and without make-up.HOW THEY ARE?THE MAKE-UP IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR ACTRESS,MODELS AND SOME ARTISTS ALSO.WITHOUT MAKE-UP THERE IS NO
PERFECT PICTURE. isn't it?
S
BLOGGER ARTICLE:
THE BEAUTIFUL FACE MEANS?with make-up.ok thats good. IT IS SHAPED BY THE MAKE-UP man/women.WE ALL KNEW ABOUT MAKEUP its impact and ATTRACTIVENESS.WITHOUT MAKE-UP?we can imagine our beautiful actress?may not be.YOU CAN SEE THESE HOLLYWOOD ACTRESSES PICTURES with and without make-up.HOW THEY ARE?THE MAKE-UP IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR ACTRESS,MODELS AND SOME ARTISTS ALSO.WITHOUT MAKE-UP THERE IS NO
PERFECT PICTURE. isn't it?
Monday, November 16, 2009
Sunday, November 15, 2009
HEALTH:NOVEMBER 14WORLD DIABETES DAY
Regular
Exercise,Discipline Life Style and Stress Free Environment Were Some of The effective ways to keep away from diabetes.international diabetes federation and WHO(WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION,GENEVA)Started observing world diabetes day on November 14 to mark the birth anniversary of FREDRICK BANTING ,who along with Charles best was instrumental in the discovery of insulin,a life-saving treatment for diabetes patient in 1922.
Do you know?180 million people world wide have diabetes according to 2005 statistics/who report.the number is likely to be more than double by 2030 A.D.
REMEMBER diabetes affects people of all age group.stress and irregular dietary hobbit are the main cause of diabetes.
NOTE:the disease affects body organs at the microscopic level and has to be aggressively controlled.every individual should follow a regular exercise regime according to WHO.
Thursday, November 12, 2009
HEALTH:YOGA
YOGA AND YOUR HEART
YOGA ITS A ANCIENT WONDER OF INDIA
AND ASSET OF THE INDIANS. WE ARE INVENTED THE YOGA AND WHICH IS
BORN IN INDIA.EVERYBODY KNEW ABOUT YOGA AND ITS ADVANTAGES AND EFFECT.YOGA IS GOOD FOR HEALTH,GOOD FOR ACTIVENESS,GOOD EROTIC-PURPOSE,GOOD FOR VISION,GOOD FOR NERVES,GOOD FOR STREANGTHENING BONES AND MANY NOW
IT IS GOOD FOR 'YOUR HEART ' ALSO,I MEANT HEALTHY HEART-BEAT. IF YOU WANT A HEALTHY HEART?YOUR ANSWER IS OBVIOUSLY YES.THATS FINE ..SO BUY A GOOD MAT FOR PRACTICE FROM TODAY ONWARDS..DO YOGA EVERYDAY.IT WILL ASSURE YOU 'A HEALTHY HEART.ACCORDING TO( IIT,ROORKY,INDIA)INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH WING,ELECTRICAL AND ENGINEERING WING.
IF YOU HAVE ANY DOUBTS MAIL ME gaintbook.blogspot.com
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
PHOTOGRAPHY
BLOGGER VIEW:PHOTOS ARE ALWAYS BEAUTIFUL WEATHER IT IS BLACK ORWHITE OR COLOUR.I LIKE PHOTOGRAPHY VERY MUCH and these PICTURES are NICE and artistic see their creativity..im requesting you, DONT SEE THE OTHER angle/ MEANING.JUST ENJOY THE BEAUTY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Monday, November 9, 2009
ENVIRONMENT:global warming
GLBALWARMING:
GENEVA - A rare Panamanian tree frog, a rodent from Madagascar and two lizards found only in the Philippines are among over 17,000 species threatened with extinction, a leading environmental group said Tuesday.
The Rabb's fringe-limbed tree frog, only discovered four years ago, is one of 1,895 amphibian species that could soon disappear from the wild because of deforestation and infection, the International Union for Conservation of Nature said.
The Switzerland-based group surveyed 47,677 animals and plants for this year's "Red List" of endangered species, determining that 17,291 of them are at risk of extinction.
GLOBAL WARMING:for all non-believers here`s some exclusive data-
Average Global Temperature by Decade, 1880-2004
Decade
Average Temperature
Degrees Celsius
1950-1959
13.98
1960-1969
13.94
1970-1979
14.01
1980-1989
14.26
1990-1999
14.40
2000-2009
14.94
as you can intercept from the data, earth`s getting hotter day by day!!
And may be to you an. inc of approx. '1' degree does`nt sound convincing but for your info it is the AVG. INCREASE (and that includes the winters too !!)
Decade
Average Temperature
Degrees Celsius
1950-1959
13.98
1960-1969
13.94
1970-1979
14.01
1980-1989
14.26
1990-1999
14.40
2000-2009
14.94
as you can intercept from the data, earth`s getting hotter day by day!!
And may be to you an. inc of approx. '1' degree does`nt sound convincing but for your info it is the AVG. INCREASE (and that includes the winters too !!)
Wednesday, November 4, 2009
PHOTOGRAPHY:TOP and FASHONABLE BLACK &WHITE PICTRUES
BLOGGER ARTICLE:Hi FRIENDS NOW WE CAN TALK ABOUT THE B&W PICTURES.WHICH IS DOWNLOADED FROM MANY SITES.NOW I'M SHARES WITH YOU.IT IS WONDERFUL AND I LIKE OF COURSE YOU TOO.ONE OF MY HOBBY IS PHOTOGRAPHY TOO.VERY SOON I WILL UPLOAD MY OWN GALLERY FOR YOU.
AND YOU CAN ADD YOUR FEELINGS AND COMMENTS !THANKS !
MY email id: gaintbook.blogspot18@gmail.com
BLOGGER ARTICLE:
YOUHi FRIENDS EVERYBODY LIKE BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPHS/PICTURES OR MOVIES,AND I'M ALSO LIKE VERY MUCH.I LOVE IT ,I ENJOY IT.OF COURSE YOU ALSO
LIKE IT.SEE THE RARE PICTURES,WHICH I HAD DOWNLOADED
FROM MANY GALLERIES FOR YOU.AND ADD YOUR
FEELINGS AND COMMENTS.THANK YOU !
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